Can Nanotechnology Transform Hydrogen Fuel Cell Cars?

Would nanotechnology be able to Transform Hydrogen Fuel Cell Cars? Juan Manuel Vargas Ferreira  Would nanotechnology be able to change over hydrogen power device vehicles into standard vehicles?  â Segment 1: Abstract The point of this report is to decide if Nanotechnology can change hydrogen energy unit vehicles into standard vehicles through enhancements in the expense of impetuses (Section 4:A) in addition to hydrogen creation (Section 4:B); battery life (Section 4:C) and the security of hydrogen stockpiling (Section 4:D). The word standard for this report implies that there will be in any event 1.15 million hydrogen energy component vehicles on the universes streets [the number of electric vehicles in the planet (Carbon brief, 2016)] Segment 2: Introduction   â Nanotechnology is tied in with watching and controlling issue involving the nanoscale, which is ranges from 1 nanometre to 100 nanometres (Nanodic.com, nd). A nanometre is one billionth of a meter or 100 000 times littler than the width of human hair (DigPhilosophy, 2013). Nanotechnology is a guideline factor in improving hydrogen power modules, which are gadgets that bridle the vitality of hydrogen to make power by means of a synthetic response without burning (CHFCA, nd). These gadgets will be critical as they are used to make zero carbon impression vehicles. Lessening the carbon impression of mankind will diminish the extensive impacts of worldwide notice, which include environments and horticulture among different factors (Barret, nd). In this manner, the turn of events and usage of hydrogen power module vehicles will have an extraordinary impact in safe guarding life in our planet. [DS1] Area 3: Methodology Money related Sources for Research For any venture to go ahead to the physical exploration stage there must be inside as well as outside wellsprings of account. A few models incorporate government awards, organizations and non benefit organizations (Understanding Science, nd). For my own exploration, the most fitting wellspring of money would be familys salary. This is on the grounds that I will exclusively be completing auxiliary exploration. Making a spending plan for Research[DS2] The spending plan required for my examination involves the thought of the accompanying: Cost of broadband (SKY, 2016) Cost of power (sust-it, 2015) Cost of renting of a PC (HARDSOFT, 2016) Cost Specification Monitory Cost (pounds) Broadband 16 Power 0.34 Renting a PC 65 All out expense 81.34 Examination strategies and methods So as to complete the essential examination I utilized the Internets broad database. The strategies engaged with this sort of examination are web perusing, which includes composing the point or question you wish to investigate in a web index and removing disclosure data from the sources that show up. The other strategy included is referencing with the incredibly famous Harvard referencing model. Moral Issues: Nanotechnology[DS3] In spite of the fact that Nanotechnology has a variety of extremely helpful applications some moral concerns were raised against its execution. Such concerns rotate chiefly around the way that it isn't yet evident whether nanoparticles can, truth be told, communicate contrarily with our cells. There are as of now instances of different sorts of particles of comparative measurements making hurt our bodies. Such a model would be vehicle rage particles being stored in our lungs (techNyouvids, 2013) and conceivably causing malignant growth, cardiovascular illnesses and asthma assaults (Nairaland Forum, 2013). It is hence just intelligent to address whether nanomaterials will have the equivalent or more regrettable consequences for our wellbeing. Therefore, more exploration would need to be completed if Nanotechnology is to be a built up discipline with normal practice inside society. Area 4: Results and Discussion A: Reducing the expense of the impetuses Nanotechnology can lessen the expense of the impetus (ordinarily Platinum) utilized in a hydrogen power devices as less of the impetus would be utilized (Soutter, 2016). So as to downsize conventional impetuses, the top down assembling procedure can be utilized, which includes separating material of bigger measurement into the ideal nanomaterial (GrennFacts, 2016). Remarkable inconveniences of this procedure incorporate the way that a great deal of material is squandered ([2] Nano.gov, nd). also, that roughly 250 complex advances are required to have the completed item (NanoScale Systems, 2015). An elective method is the base up assembling process, which involves building nanomaterials by developing single iotas and particles (GrennFacts, 2016). Moreover, since the impetus is at nanoscale it will have a more noteworthy surface zone; expanding the reactivity of the impetus thus the speed of the power devices synthetic response (Nano.gov, nd). The advantages can be additionally evolved by the presentation of permeable nano bolster structures, for example, nanotubes, which would make the platinum nanoparticles much progressively open for responding (Soutter, 2016). This would imply that power would me conveyed to the engine all the more rapidly thus increment the speeding up of the hydrogen energy component vehicle. Such an improvement would make it increasingly serious in the market and help energy unit vehicles to go into standard industry waters. Moreover, the advancement of nitrogen doped nanotubes can supplant platinum impetus. Thus decreasing the expense of hydrogen power devices since the expense of the impetus summed for 25% of the general energy component cost (Soutter, 2016). The less expensive expense of nanotube impetuses isn't the main favorable position they offer; they will likewise give the energy component the equivalent or more prominent force yield contrasted with the standard platinum impetus. It is additionally imperative to consider the way that nanotube structures are likewise more grounded than traditional impetuses meaning they are not undermined via carbon monoxide while responding synthetically to make power. Such upgrades would imply that energy component vehicles are significantly less expensive; all the more remarkable and have a more extended running life. Accordingly, Nanotechnology is absolutely helping this developing vehicle innovation to enter the fundamental street of the 21st-century busines s vehicle industry. B: Reducing the expense of hydrogen creation Around 75% of everything in our universe is in truth hydrogen (Dnews, 2015). As result using this bottomless component to fuel our vehicles appears as though a very much supported thought. Its creation is likewise not in its early stages of advancement as the U.S makes 9 million measurement tones of hydrogen yearly (Dnews, 2015). Nonetheless, current strategies for hydrogen creation are not perfect. A model would be that the strategy for getting hydrogen by breaking flammable gas with high temperatures and weights produces carbon dioxide. Another method includes parting oxygen and hydrogen molecules in water with power, officially known as electrolysis (Dnews, 2015). Sadly, power for electrolysis is chiefly gotten through the burning of coal that is another carbon dioxide discharging process. The procedure of hydrogen creation is likewise a famously costly strategy, which is a piece of the explanation behind the absence of execution of hydrogen power device vehicles. Strangely, be that as it may, making new impetuses can likewise diminish the assembling of hydrogen. Since hydrogen can be delivered by decaying gaseous petrol, which requires being disregarded silicon or aluminum impetus (BBC Bitesize, nd), a lessening in the cost of the impetus would straightforwardly diminish the expense of assembling hydrogen. C: Extending power devices life once completely energized There have been various joint efforts so as to improve the solidness of batteries. One energizing improvement are nanowire batteries, which are presently supposed to have the option to withstand 200, 000 rounds of charging because of work at the University of California Irvine. Nanowires are produced using gold and future improvements might give the world the main battery that doesn't require reviving. Another kind of battery utilizing nanotechnology has been created by the MIT that keep going multiple times as long as current alternatives available and it tends to be completely energized in only 6 minutes; they have named it nano yolk (Pocket lit, 2016). Such advancements would not just mean hydrogen energy component vehicles become standard vehicles yet the fundamental method of transport for our regularly developing populace (Pocket lit, 2016). D: Increasing the wellbeing of hydrogen stockpiling An ongoing paper (ACS Nano) has recommended Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as an absorptive stockpiling compound for hydrogen. The paper by driving creator Dr. Kondo Francois Aguey Zinsou likewise expressed that NaBH4 can retain hydrogen with the goal that it gives hydrogen fuel a similar vitality potential as that of petroleum in a comparable fuel tank. This would improve the wellbeing of hydrogen stockpiling since the compound NaBaH4 doesnt discharge hydrogen essentially at lodge temperatures, running from 57.3 degrees Celsius to 60.5 degrees Celsius (Manning, R., Ewing, J., 2009) [DS4]However, the compound must be designed in the nanoscale and it must be immersed in a nickel shell. Besides, the wipe like compound (NaBH4) just discharges hydrogen dominatingly at 350 degrees Celsius (The A Register, nd). Segment 5: Conclusions[DS5] So as to decide if Nanotechnology can change hydrogen energy unit vehicles into standard vehicles, the chance of 1.15 million hydrogen power module vehicles being a piece of the universes streets must be broke down. A hypothetical point of view on the issue is given by the US setting the objective of having in any event 15% of all of Californias vehicles to be zero emanation vehicles be 2025 (Dnews, nd), that means 4.2 million vehicles [In 2012 there were 27.7 million enlisted vehicles in California (Reference, nd)]. That assuredly surpasses my objective of 1.5 million, which propose Nanotechnology is en route to make energy component vehicles standard vehicles in America in any event. In this manner, I can infer that Nanotechnology will transform hydrogen power module vehicles into standard vehicles. It

Jackson vs. Calhoun and the Nullification Crisis Essay Essay Example

Jackson versus Calhoun and the Nullification Crisis Essay Paper It has been uncommon in American history for presidents and VPs non to obtain along. be that as it may, it has occurred on a couple of events: Adams and Jefferson. Kennedy and Johnson. what's more, Eisenhower and Nixon are a couple of delineations ( Jackson versus Calhoun-Part 1 ) . Be that as it may. the most dubious connection among president and his partner was between Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun. Their disputes started extremely at an opportune time in Jackson’s removal. furthermore, went on until after the announcement of the Nullification Crisis. Invalidation is the refusal of an area to recognize a government statute inside its limits and esteem that law unlawful. In this case. South Carolina. driven by John C. Calhoun. would not recognize the defensive obligations in 1828. what's more, 1832. expressing that they profited the North and harmed the South. We will compose a custom paper test on Jackson versus Calhoun and the Nullification Crisis Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Jackson versus Calhoun and the Nullification Crisis Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Jackson versus Calhoun and the Nullification Crisis Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Now in cut. the American arrangement of specialists was sensibly new and the fight among region and government power was going all out. Towards the terminal of the emergency. Calhoun ventured to such an extreme as to jeopardize to fragment from the Union to demo Jackson and the rest of America that solitary region authoritiess were so ground-breaking. At the point when the wrangle had arrived at its extremum. Jackson had bounty and concluded it was clasp to set a terminal to the emergency. The activities and judgments made by President Andrew Jackson in regards to John C. Calhoun and the Nullification Crisis non just empowered the Union to remain together. be that as it may, demonstrated the intensity of the government specialists. Before reevaluating Jackson’s activities during the Nullification Crisis it is of import to comprehend where the disagreements between the two work powers began. In 1829. simply quickly before Jackson was introduced. John Eaton. a companion and without further ado to be secretary of war under Jackson. hitched the widow and non-legitimate Peggy O’Neale Timberlake. Since Timberlake was presently the hitched lady of a grown-up male in office. the other grown-up females would hold to acknowledge her as an equivalent. which they were non glad about. Jackson. in any case. would not accept that the grown-up females were advocated in their conduct. for he considered Peggy to be â€Å"chaste as a virgin† ( Barzman 56 ) . After Jackson requested the wedded womans of the entirety of his partners to see Mrs. Eaton as a cultural equivalent. they all agreed aside from one ; Floride Calhoun. the wedded lady of John C. Calhoun. Calhoun thusly guaranteed to Jackson he could non ( or would non ) change the leader of his solid willed wedded lady. This infuriated the newly chosen President and started the problematic idea of the two men’s relationship. The main aspect which filled their hapless relationship was their disparities in political suppositions. Albeit both work powers were from comparative pieces of the state and both were committed to the open help of their place areas. they differ on one extremely of import nation. Jackson was a loyalist. who accepted firmly in proceeding with the Union and puting government control over that of the single areas. Calhoun. on the different manus. was absolutely the antonym. Albeit foremost to 1830. he had been a nationalist. Calhoun was presently a most extreme states’ rights advocator ( Barzman 56 ) . This huge contrast in political teaching put things in place for the vast majority of import explanation among president and VP and foretells Calhoun’s programs for South Carolina. Calhoun had been gathering his data and elucidating his considerations for the great beyond of South Carolina for rather some clasp. sitting tight for the ideal opportunity to reveal his maestro program. He needed to proclaim invalidation since his place region of South Carolina was monetarily down. frightful about the great beyond of servitude. furthermore, thought the new obligations upheld the North at the disbursal of the South ( The Nullification 1 ) . Jackson had an idea that Calhoun was be aftering something fanatic so at the Jefferson Day Dinner on April 30. 1830. he expressed that â€Å"Our Unionâ€it must be preserved† . To this Calhoun answered. â€Å"The Union. Close to our autonomies. most dear† ( Barzman 58 ) . After publically proclaiming his commitment to South Carolina before the Union. Calhoun surrendered the bad habit presidential term and served in the South Carolina Senate. Under two mature ages in this way. on April 24. 1832. Calhoun sent the South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification to Jackson. in which he pronounced. â€Å"The individuals of the region of South Carolina pronounce the duties forced by said Acts of the Apostless. and every single legal continuing which will be the great beyond had in affirmance thereof. are and will be void and invalid. We do more remote announce that we will non subject to the use of power on the bit of the Federal Government† ( Hamilton 1 ) . Jackson. shocked by this immediate threat to the Union and the Federal Government. was resolved to set Calhoun in his topographic point and make anything he could to proceed with the Union. In spite of the fact that Calhoun had expressed in his Regulation that South Carolina would non respond to any intense Acts of the Apostless by the specialists to attempt to secure Calhoun to embrace down. Jackson found a way to outsmart his resistance. Jackson had congress base on balls a measure in 1833. â€Å"which permitted him to use troopers to execute the obligation measures† ( Nullification Crisis 1 ) . After the Force Bill was passed. Jackson sent a few war vessels and 100s of troopers to Charleston to execute the Torahs of the specialists. A few people contend that what Jackson did was erroneously in light of the fact that dependent on the principal law. Calhoun reserved the option to pronounce Nullification for South Carolina. Nonetheless. what Jackson did was other than protected and empowered the United States of America to remain as one. Had Jackson non passed the Force Bill immediately after South Carolina’s Ordinance was gotten. Calhoun’s technique may hold succeeded and South Carolina would hold withdrew from the Union. turn excursion that the Federal Government really did non hold any control over that of the single region. After the footings of the Force Bill were set into topographic point. Calhoun started to perceive the difficult he had gotten himself into and needed to happen a noble way to convey himself and his place region. From the outset Calhoun endeavored to happen different regions ready to back up and fall in his motivation. in any case, no other Southern regions appeared to hold with his hypothesis of invalidation. So as to choose the issue. Calhoun went to Henry Clay. the â€Å"Great Compromiser† . for help. Towards the terminal of 1833. Earth had the option to layout a by means of media which â€Å"pacified South Carolina while leting the Federal specialists to stand firm† ( The Nullification 2 ) . This exchange a tiny bit at a time diminished the obligations over a time of 10 mature ages until they returned down to the degree which had existed in 1816. Jackson and Calhoun both marked the by means of media and the emergency finished without slaughter. Numerous individuals contend that it was because of the negociating achievements of Henry Clay. non Jackson. which empowered the Union to remain in respect. Notwithstanding. had Jackson non passed the Force Bill stomach muscle initio. Calhoun neer would hold been compelled into searching out Clay for help. With the choice of the Nullification Crisis its essentialness to the developing of the American specialists got clear. By Jackson show signs of improvement ofing Calhoun. also, essentially show signs of improvement ofing the announcement of states’ rights advocators. he achieved two of import things. His first accomplishment was that he had â€Å"proved the intensity of the Federal Government to execute Torahs. in any event, when territories can't help contradicting them† ( Jackson versus Calhoun †Part 2 ) . This non only gave the American individuals more confirmation in the Federal Government. in any case, caused them to get down to perceive that holding area authoritiess more grounded than the Federal specialists would non regard the state. Jackson’s second accomplishment was that he empowered the Union to remain indispensable. He had deferred any slaughter over the issue of states’ rights †yet just for 30 mature ages. Had Calhoun’s needs been satisfied. the Union may hold self-destructed and his place region of South Carolina would hold become a ground-breaking self-ruling locale. The distinction in political precept between Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun was the base of their troublesome relationship. which started from the get-go in their official coexistence. The fierce idea of their relationship drove America into the Nullification Crisis during which Calhoun put the open help of his place region over that of the fellowship. trying to fragment and demo the intensity of region specialists. Jackson would non hold regions overmastering the specialists. also, passed the Force Bill leting him to use the Federal Army and Navy to gain South Carolina to comply with the Torahs the Federal Government had made. State Government and Calhoun lost their contention and the Federal Government demonstrated its forces. In spite of the fact that he was non ready to clear out the activity of states’ rights. were it non for Jackson’s keen conclusions during the Nullification Crisis. the United States may non hold existed. as an individual fraternity. as it do es today.

Evil Institute of Technology

Evil Institute of Technology Mystery Hunt has begun! Prof. Moriarty from the Evil Institute of Technology has plans for world domination through weather control. It is our job to stop him! At 12:17pm today, hundreds of hunters gathered in Lobby 7 for the Hunt Kickoff: Our team Captain, Keith 02, holds up the sign to gather our team, the Rubber Duck Hunters: I saw lots of people at the kickoff, including Bryan, whos playing for team Too Much Clue: The kickoff was a swanky event (formal attire suggested), with Champagne being served (left). Hunt co-organizer Matt 02 (right) is dressed for the occasion. More swanky formalwear at left, Dan 03, a team captain, dressed up for the occasion. At right, Chris Morse, a three-time Hunt-winning capatin, with teammate Prof. Kiran Kedlaya (right). The Hunt is underway, and for our team, its so far, so good more updates throughout the weekend. Finally, heres the answer to yesterdays puzzle congrats to those who got it! COOKIE MONSTER by Marcy Levey, Brian Tivol, and Roger Barkan First: Recognize the various cookies used to make the cookie monster. Second: Count how many of each cookie is used in the picture. Third: Turn the cookies at the bottom of the picture into letters. If a cookie appears N times in the monster, then replace it with its Nth letter to spell the message: CAN BE EATEN. Fourth: Determine that CAN BE EATEN is a clue for EDIBLE. These are the cookies: (C)hessmen, Mil(a)no, Lorna Doo(n)e; Lis(b)on, Fudg(e) Stripe; Fig N(e)wton, Circus Anim(a)l, Nutter But(t)er, Or(e)o, Ge(n)eva.

Parallel Activities Of Project Management - 1154 Words

MEGHANA VUPPU IT 463 FALL 2015 HW6 A1) Parallel Activities in project management can be defined as a situation where two activities take place simultaneously without affecting the performance of each other. It allows to finish multiple steps at once and helps in finishing the given task in a shorter frame of time than the assigned time frame. Here tasks are not done sequentially but in parallel. Performing tasks in parallel could be an advantage since tasks are completed before the due date. These can be performed in any order. However, it could be a disadvantage as tasks are completed partially in a giffy, the project manager and his team have very little, or sometimes no scope for completing steps along the critical path. Since there are multiple tasks at once to be handled, the staff members could be too thinly spread across the operation, this could result in no availability of a team member when required or when resolving any issue that pops up. This could make the project to lag. Also the project budget could inflate due to the use of multiple resources which in turn rises the total cost of completion. Assignments running in parallel do not necessarily finish at the same time, leaving employees jobless. Also it turns out to be a challenge for the project manager as multiple tasks are to be processed and monitored at once. A2) Crashing in project management can be defined as adding resources to the tasks orShow MoreRelatedCritical Path Method803 Words   |  4 PagesHistory Developed in the 1950s by the US Navy Originally, the critical path method considered only logical dependencies between terminal elements Since then, it has been expanded to allow for the inclusion of resources related to each activity, through processes called activity-based resource assignments and resource leveling. 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Physical Discipline And Child Behavior Problems Essay

Topic/ Rationale/ Hypothesis The topic in the article â€Å"Physical Discipline and Child Behavior Problems: A study of Ethnic Group Differences† by Jodi Polaha, Robert E. Larzelere, Steven K. Sharpio and Gregory S. Petit is researching the relation between parental discipline and how it relates to the child’s behavior expression problems within different ethnic groups. They’re addressing how physical discipline in different ethnic groups can affect children’s way of expressing themselves in distinct ways. Previous research shows when a parent’s discipline is abusive then it often results in aggressive behavior from the child (Cicchetti, Lynch, Shonk, Manly, 1992; Dodge, Bates Pettit, 1990; Strassberg, Dodge, Pettit, 1994). Although, if the discipline is not abusive then the child is less likely to be aggressive (Gershoff, 2002; Strassberg, Dodge, Bates, Pettit, 1992). In another study it was found that different ethnic groups react differently to discipline between African American children and European American children (Baumrind,1972; Lamborn, Dornbusch, Steinberg,1996). Five years after the study was conducted it had been reported that European American children got into more fights than the African American children (Gunnoe Mariner, 1997). Even though the study’s have factual results, there have been researchers who disagree with their findings because of the bias circumstances such as having distinct ethnicities and parenting methods (Deater-Deckard, Dodge,Show MoreRelatedDiscipline And Its Effect On Children1693 Words   |  7 PagesDiscipline is an act by which children learn standards of acceptable behavior and repercussions that they can apply towards greater independence. Although verbal discipline is generally recognized as being more appropriate for children, it may also carry emotionally damaging effects if practiced irresponsibly. 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What does the word child abuse mean in your own words? Some people believe child abuse includes neglect, punishment, physical or emotional maltreatment. Child abuse is all over the world. Every day a child is either abused or neglected. Since the late 1900’s child abuse was commonly used in the United States (Gale). Now it is slowly coming to its ending point. Since 1992, only two states, Delaware and Oklahoma, have experienced consistent increases today. Is disciplineRead MoreEffects Of Hearing Punishment On Children1563 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst thing that comes to mind when hearing punishment? How about discipline? For numerous children they recall the abuse they have suffered. Meanwhile, others, more fortunate, will possibly recall time-outs or having a toy taken away. According to the Child Maltreatment 2014 report, â€Å"For 2014, a nationally estimated 1,580 children died of abuse and neglect at a rate of 2.13 per 100,000 children in the national population† (Child Maltreatment 2014). This rate is deplorable. More importantly, thereRead MoreThe Common Thought People Have Concerning Child Abuse1005 Words   |  5 Pagesconcerning child abuse is what exactly child abuse is. Child abuse is described to be â€Å"when a parent or caregiver, whether through action or failing to act, causes injury, death, emotional harm or risk of serious harm to a child.† (Childhelp). Child abuse is when a parent/guardian/caregiver causes physical damage, emotional damage, or psychological damage to a child. In the state of North Carolina, there are several sections from state legislation laws in which determines and labels what child abuse is

Should the Chinese Government Ban the Internet Censorship Free Essays

Qing Yuan ESL114 Section G Ryan Salvador May 3, 2012 Should the Chinese government ban the internet censorship? Since the birth of internet, people have been bombarded with different kind of information every day. Internet is a network that connects the data of different private computer networks and organizational computer groups from people or organizations around the world (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). As a result, people are looking forward to having access to any kind of websites of their interest, and receiving the latest information about what is happening around their countries or around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Should the Chinese Government Ban the Internet Censorship? or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, things cannot be as perfect as expected. It is noticed by many people that many countries have set barriers to the internet in their own areas. China, which has the largest population of web users among the world, has created the most advanced surveillance system for internet monitoring (Rohde, 2011). The system is known as â€Å"Great Firewall†Ã¢â‚¬â€also called â€Å"the Golden Shield Project†, and is designed to sift out pornography and commercial frauds, but simultaneously blocks certain search terms for the government’s own purposes (McDonald, 2012). However, nobody is satisfied to be a frog in a well which can only perceive scenario above the wellhead but nothing beyond. So the internet censorship has provoked a fierce controversy in the society. Many people including some groups of experts argue for humans’ equal rights to know true and latest resources of information around them. The Chinese government should no longer conduct their censorship program because every person has the right and freedom to know what is going on around them. If the Chinese government insists on this project, people would be trapped in a vicious cycle because the continuity of information blocks would affect the next generation which doubles its effect on people’s ignorance and it would do nothing but fool its own people. First, in China, people’s words online are carefully inspected which means people do not have the freedom to say what they want, but rather only what are permitted by the Chinese government. According to a study by the Language Technologies Institute at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, more than 16 percent of all messages which are posted by web users in China are considered â€Å"unqualified† and get deleted (McDonald, 2012). The Chinese government explained to the media that the â€Å"Great Firewall† sifted out words or names that it evaluates as politically odorous. However, due to the matter of fact, it is not that reasonable, but rather private contains emotions of the government. For example, Sina Weibo, a most popular micro blogging site in China whose users surpassed 300 million, is required to inspect those bloggers whose have more than 100,000 followers (McDonald, 2012). If there are any posts that disobey the government’s rules must be deleted within five minutes. â€Å"295 terms with a high probability of being censored,† said the Carnegie Mellon team. So words like â€Å"Tibet†, â€Å"Dalai Lama†, â€Å"Ai Weiwei† (outspoken artist), â€Å"Liu Xiaobo† (imprisoned Nobel laureate), and even â€Å"Egypt†, â€Å"Jon Huntsman† (the former American ambassador), and â€Å"Playboy† (the magazine), etc. are banned (McDonald, 2012). As a result, some people have invented some subversive lexicons to refer to the words prohibited such as using â€Å"grass-mud horse† to replace a four-letter word of obscenity, using â€Å"river crab† to replace â€Å"harmony† which is also banned because it was used to refer to websites deletion by the government, and using phrase â€Å"Buying soy sauce† to indicate someone who is involved in scandals like embezzlement and bribery. The phrase â€Å"Buying soy sauce† came from the mouth of a government official who was involved in a political scandal and wanted to show his innocence through the TV interview (McDonald, 2012). So if the government insists on such obvious and self-deceiving procedures, people would finally uncover the truth and thus lose trust in the government because many insightful people like who use VPN to â€Å"scale the wall (also a subversive word which means to browse foreign websites)† and have known some truth of some political issues or more people who are studying abroad where has no such internet-defending programs know the truth as well. Maybe this kind of methods worked before, but it would not work anymore as people are familiar and proficient in computer science. If the government stops their unacceptable programs right now, the status of the society will be much more stable, or the controversial would be more serious and finally trigger something unimaginable. Second, the Chinese government censors some websites which are considered vicious and unbeneficial to them, so they block websites just because they are not in government’s whitelist. In 2009, The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology posted new regulations on domain management institutions and internet services providers because them want to have a deeper control over domain name registration (Hornby and Le, 2009). The Chinese government explained this is beneficial for an on-going anti-pornography program by creating a list of so called â€Å"whitelist. † However, this policy did not mention the treatment of overseas websites. In fact, foreign sites that have not registered could also be blocked such as Google’s YouTube, Twitter, Flickr and Facebook. The reason is these sites are thought politically sensitive and containing unreasonable schemes by the Chinese government (Hornby and Le, 2009). However, as many web users who used VPN to get access to foreign websites have already known that the websites such as Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter are highly recognized in the U. S. Many popular stars like NBA players often update their newest progress in preparing for the play-off on Twitter, which is often referred to as a trustworthy resource by sports channels like ABC and ESPN. Also, YouTube is even a normal educational tool in some world-famous universities as its sources are updated frequently and carefully (Hornby and Le, 2009). Many of the videos like the videos on cultural diversities and new-born social phenomena etc. are authoritative. They are often in the forms of a real interview with famous experts in the places where the issues happened like the case of Trayvon Martin, people can find many videos on YouTube which are interviews hold by some sociologists. As a result, blocking websites that the Chinese government considered vicious is detrimental to people’s development in learning advanced thoughts and real educational resources from foreign countries some of which are recognized as much more better in high-level education than that of China. If the government continues to do things arbitrarily like this, people would lose trust in their government because they do have the ability to consider what kind of information is true and what kind of information is of plot. In conclusion, the Chinese government should stop their internet censorship because it really affects people’s common lives both in freedom of communication and education. The importance of relieve the inspection on internet is obvious and necessary. If the Chinese government moderates the censorship, people can obtain easier access to foreign resources. As people’s educational levels are higher and higher along with the rapidly-developing status of China’s economy, people are getting more insightful in absorbing more advanced technologies and methods. For instance, teachers can use foreign websites such as YouTube which has huge amount of authoritative resources in college education. Many people have realized that students in China’s colleges know little about realities about some big issues around the world and also have big obstacles in English skills which are not beneficial to students’ development. Also, if students get such progress in education, there will be more opportunities for them to get jobs abroad which can not only enhance Chinese people’s skills in international business but also relieve the pressure in competition for jobs. Finally, stopping the internet censorship helps the Chinese government to win people’s trust and is also educationally, economically beneficial to a large number of Chinese people. References: Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (n. d. ). Internet. Retrieved from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/internet Hornby L. and Le, Y. 2009, December 22). China to require internet domain name registration. Retrieved from http://www. reuters. com/article/2009/12/22/us-china-internet-idUSTRE5BL19620091222 McDonald, M. (2012, March 13). Watch your language! (in china, they really do). New York Times. Retrieved from http://rendezvous. blogs. nytimes. com/2012/03/13/watch-your-language-and-in-china-they-do/? ref=internetcensorship Rohde, D. (20 11, November 18). China’s newest export: Internet censorship. Retrieved from http://blogs. reuters. com/david-rohde/2011/11/17/chinas-newest-export-internet-censorship/ How to cite Should the Chinese Government Ban the Internet Censorship?, Essay examples

Abigail Adams (718 words) Essay Example For Students

Abigail Adams (718 words) Essay Abigail AdamsAbigail AdamsAbigail Adams was a unique woman becauseshe had an education and an interest in politics. She learned how to readand write and enjoyed poems most. She was also very resourceful by helpingher husband on difficult problems. Abigail was born on November 11 on theJulian calendar, or November 22 on the modern Gregorian calendar. Abigailhad two sisters named Mary and Elizabeth or Betsy. She had one brothernamed William or Billy. Abigails name was originally Abigail Smith. Eachbaby was baptized on the first Sabbath of its life and was recorded intheir parish records. Abigail live in a comfortable house. When Abigailwas sixteen, her father added a wing that was bigger than the originalbuilding to make room for the children, servants, and visitors. When Isay servants it means that they were probably slaves but were called servantsto avoid the dehumanizing effect that the word slave can mean. Theirhouse was a sight of luxury in the eyes of the common folk in the parish. Though they lived well, the Smiths had no fortune. Abigails father oftenworked with his own hands, planting corn and potatoes, gathering hay, sowingbarley, or making sure that his sheep received proper care. Abigail, withthe help of her family grew a very religious bond between each other anda long lasting friendship. Abigail never went to a real school becauseof poor health. So, she learned at home. Her fathers library was not big,but she still went to it to read books. Abigails favorite books were novelsby Samuel Richardson. Abigails father knew John Adams by working withhim and she grew rather close to him starting a wedding. This now madeher name Abigail Adams. Their wedding was held on October 25, 1764, a monthbefore her twentieth birthday. John was a lawyer and very often was notat home due to court cases he had to attend to. When Abigail was pregnantwith her first son, John was only at home for eight out of the nine months. The baby was born on a hot day on the morning of July 14, 1765. The babysname was Abigail, but was called Nabby. She was with her parents whenshe had the baby. Shortly after, she was again pregnant. July 11, 1767,she delivered a healthy boy named John Quincy. John Adams soon moved hisfamily to Boston to be closer to his important clients and the center ofpolitical action. In Boston, Abigail had two more children. one named Susanna,who died thirteen months later, and Charles who was born healthy at theend of May 1770. John Adams sent everyone in his enlarged family back tothere old house because of the recent Boston Massacre happening. WhileAbigail was there, She had her last son named Thomas. John soon boughta brick house back in Boston and moved everyone back in. Abigail startedteaching the children to read and write. John told Abigail almost everything thathe knew and went to her for political problems. He understood what shecould understand and trusted her. Abigail became the most informed womanon public affairs in the nation. On August 10, 1774, Abigail parted withJohn as he left to attend the Congress called at Philadelphia to try andunite the colonies against Great Britains plan to punish Boston and Massachusetts. Though her sons would not be of military age for another decade, Abigaildreaded war, in which only God knew what would happen. When the shots atLexington and Concorde were fired, John was again off to the Congress andcautioned Abigail that she should fly to the woods with the childrenif the British attacked Boston. Abigail prayed for the war and on June17 John Quincy and Abigail went to Bunker Hill and watched the roar ofthe cannons and saw the flames of burning Charleston atop of Penns Hillnear where they lived. Soon they learned of the British losses and howgreater they were, but Abigail knew someone named Dr. Warren who died. .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 , .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .postImageUrl , .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 , .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02:hover , .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02:visited , .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02:active { border:0!important; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02:active , .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: World hunger EssayHe helped John Quincy from the loss of his finger. Abigail wrote many lettersto her husband and it became a way of life for her. She was always keepingJohn up to date with whats happening at the immediate point in time. Abigailsometimes called herself Mrs. Delegate because she was the wife of aRevolutionary leader. Abigail continued to keep in tact with her husbandthroughout the war. She also was very political. Then later she led a veryproductive life.

It Outsourcing Essays - Economy, Business, Outsourcing, Offshoring

It Outsourcing INTRODUCTION Companies are increasingly outsourcing the management of information technology (IT) for reasons that include concern for cost and quality, lagging IT performance, supplier pressure, access to special technical and application skills, and other financial factors. The outsourcing solution is acceptable to large and small firms alike because strategic alliances are now more common and the IT environment is changing rapidly. REASON TO OUTSOURCE Although the mix of factors raising the possibility of outsourcing varies widely from one company to another, there are a series of themes that explain most of the pressures to outsource. First of all, general managers' concerns about cost and quality drive outsourcing. The same issues such as getting existing services for a reduced price at acceptable quality standard came up repeatedly. Second, failure to meet service standards can force management to find other ways of achieving reliability. It is not atypical to find a company in which cumulative IT management neglect eventually culminated in an out-of-control situation the current IT department could not recover from. Management can see outsourcing as a way to fix a broken department. Third, a firm under intense cost or competitive pressures, which does not see IT as its core competence, may find outsourcing a way to delegate time-consuming, messy problems so it can focus scarce management time and energy on other differentiators. Next, several financial issues can make outsourcing appealing. One is the opportunity to liquidate the firm's intangible IT asset, thus strengthening the balance sheet and avoiding a stream of sporadic capital investments in the future. Also, outsourcing can turn a largely fixed-cost business into one with variable costs. This is particularly important for firms whose activities vary widely in volume from one year to another or which face significant downsizing. THE BENEFITS FROM OUTSOURCING Outsourcing has identified numerous potential benefits. Financial benefits from outsourcing included rapid funding of new systems development and economies of scale and scope. As consolidate infrastructure through IT outsourcing, a firm can experience cost reductions in hardware and software licensing, facilities, and support headcount. Outsourcing, also, can capitalize on an outside vendor's extensive IT problem solving knowledge. An outside vendor had the ability to get more of the technology that came out. They could spend money on investments that a company couldn't afford internally. That opens up a lot more avenues to future technologies. An outside vendor would manage the IT function more efficiently. A vendor's main competency is managing computer systems. Through their skills, leverage, and economies of scale, they could provide a level of efficiency that could not be achieved at the outsourcer. Finally, Perhaps most important, outsourcing allow internal IT managers to focus on the development of a new IT infrastructure. Underlying the outsourcing effort is a fundamental strategy to offload legacy applications and operations so a firm could focus on developing new strategic application to support the global business processes, which were being reengineered. THE PROCESS OF OUTSOURCING There are many ways to manage IT outsourcing since every company has different culture, strategy, structure, people, and process. Also, many important issues such as structure, Information management operating processes, management processes, human

The End of a Miracle v1 Essays - Terry Fox, Canadian People

The End of a Miracle v1 Essays - Terry Fox, Canadian People 388620044259500The End of a Miracle By: Sean Julien Terry Fox passed away from a coma at the age of 22 on June 28, 1981 at 4:35 am at the Royal Columbian HospitalinNew Westminster. Terry's coma was caused by osteogenic sarcoma which is a type of cancer that he was diagnosed with at the age of 18. Terry fox had been living with osteogenic sarcoma for four years, but instead of terry just taking it easy, resting and getting treatment, he chose to spend 18 months running over 5,000 kilometers. But Terry Fox didn't stop there, then he started is run across Canada, starting in St. John's, Newfoundland on April 12, 1980. Terry ran approximately 42 kilometers a day during his journey. On September 1st, 1980, Terry was forced to stop running after 143 days and 5,373 kilometers because the cancer spread to his lungs. Even though terry didn't finish his goal by running across Canada, "I felt like I had won. I felt like I had made it, even though I hadn't." After terry finishes running he was told by Isadore Sharp that a run will be held each year in terry's name, "we will not rest until your dream to find a cure for cancer is realized." For more information visit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Fox or read "Terry Fox his story" written by Leslie Scrivener.

Commodity Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Commodity Risk Management - Essay Example Commodities with higher price volatility subject the consumer or the producer to greater probability of incurring loses or attaining gains on the future sales and buying of the product. Commodities with greater share in enterprise earning or production costs are faced with greater exposure to price risks. Various commodity risk management instrument are available and are mostly used by large producing firms, large consuming firms, trading firms, marketing firms or departments and other business ventures. The current market trends have led to the limitation of middlemen and traders and the transactions between the producer/ manufacture and final consumer have increased considerably. When the world commodity prices fall, the producer is at risk as he is not able to cover for his production costs. Also, a commodity dealer who buys products and keeps them in a warehouse is faced by the risk of not recovering his original purchasing costs. Those who process the goods are faced by double r isks due to the inputs and outputs. The final consumer only experiences the problem of increased prices. Price risks also affect traders, importers and exporters (Rutten and Blarel, 1996) The are several methods that are adopted for the management of commodity price risks, These include the adoption of marketing strategies that help time sales and purchases, Forward contracts, futures long term contracts, the use of over the counter markets. Commodity linked bonds and the use of swaps (Kolb, 1991).The choice of the instrument to use is difficult as the over the counter market is not open and transparent. The price determination depends on the bargaining strength and the availability of vital information. There is also the counterpart risk if he fails to fulfill the obligations imposed on him. Types of instruments used Forwards contracts; this involves the formation of an agreement to deliver a given quantity of goods at a given future date. The agreed forward price is paid when the product is delivered. The contract contains the price of the commodity and the quantity specified for delivery at a given date in the future. The 'long position' or the buyer receives the commodity and pays the forward price and the 'short position' or the seller delivers the commodity (UNCTAD, 1998). Futures contract: this is an agreement to deliver a given commodity in the future. The price is paid at a specified future date and at a future price payable at the time of delivering the commodity. They differ from the forward markets since they are 'marked to the market' this means that the contracts are settled each trading day. Future prices are either greater or less than the forward price. Due to the evaluation of the prices per given trading day, future contracts are usually preferred. Forward contacts are usually traded in exchanges. Futures may require settlement on daily basis if the are market to market. They are safer because the clearing house guarantees the fulfillment of the contract terms by all parties (Morgan, 1992) Cash market The behavior of most commodities in the market is determined by the cash and storage markets. The term spot price is used to refer to the immediate purchase of commodities. That means the products are bought and delivered at that time. The cash market is greatly

Employee benefits Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employee benefits - Assignment Example include, vacation and sick leave, health insurance, pension plans and proper remuneration according to the local standards on minimum wages and working duration. The organization executes annual health and safety day where health consultants and safety experts advise the employees and carry out health assessments on employees. Besides, the employees are informed on safety compliance and health as well as compliance to environmental protection. The blood pressure of employees is measured and fresh up massages. The company allows a maximum of 6 months of sick leave for its employees but with no pay. The company has a policy of not forcing its employees to work; the only remedy for this is to deduct salaries. The directors are paid compensation in terms of pension plans, stock option plan at market price among other related benefits. The employees are offered an employee Benefit Plan 401(k) as well as single employer plan, health insurance cover which is deductable from their basic pay (Finance Week 23). The health insurance for employees is compulsory for all permanent employees. The temporary or contract employees are required to organize for their own personal health insurance prior to signing their employment contracts. The executive employees have other benefits which tied onto performance but majorly linked to the stock options plans. The executive employees receive the highest compensation in the company depending on the extent of output of the organization and its investments. Richemont Swiss offers life insurance to its employees, which is optional and deductable from the basic pay of employees. This comes after an agreement with the employees from the deduction on their pay. Besides, the organization has other health benefits such as dental benefits, long term disability for the employees in line of duty, temporary disability benefits such as accident and sickness, death benefits which comprise of travel accidents with exclusion of life assurance. The

The growth of the banana market in Australia

The growth of the banana market in Australia The bananas market in Australia has been expanding since 1993 to 2008. In 20 March 2006, a Tropical Cyclone Larry has caused a damage in banana industry and affected the bananas market. The explanation of effects happened will be provided by looking into price equilibrium, price elasticity of demand and supply and price ceiling imposed by government. In a perfectly competitive market, there is no government intervention in the market. The price is usually established when the equilibrium price and quantity is achieved (Jackson,J Mclver.R 2007). Equilibrium means that consumers are willing to buy at this price and producers are willing to supply. By referring to the graph Figure 1, we can see the equilibrium is at the intersection point between demand curve and supply curve. Pe means the price equilibrium and Qe means quantity equilibrium. In an equilibrium state, problems like shortage and surplus will not happen in the market because the quantity demand and quantity supply are in balance. Shortage will usually happen when the price is below the price equilibrium, we can see that when price drops from Pe to P0, the quantity supply will decrease because suppliers are willing to supply at this price where they have low revenue while quantity demand will increase because consumers find bananas is really cheap and they should buy it. Demand exceeds supply. Surplus will happen when the price is above the price equilibrium. From the graph, when price increase from Pe to P1, the quantity demand drops because consumers find it very expensive and the bananas doesnt worth that price while quantity supply increase because the suppliers are willing to supply as much as they could as the high price of bananas would help them to generate more revenue. Demand exceeds supply. The natural disaster, cyclone has caused the supplies of bananas to decrease tremendously. The price elasticity of demand in bananas market is said to be inelastic when we look into the determinants. First of all, Bananas are Australias No.1 selling fruit, it means there is a huge demand for bananas in Australia.(ABGC n.d) Bananas industry appears to be one of the largest fruit growing industries in Australia and also an important contributor to the economies. Bananas are among Australias top 10 supermarket lines. First determinant would be the availability of substitute goods and for bananas, there is lack of substitutes for it. Apparently the demand would be inelastic when there is no substitutes. Second determinant is proportion of income. Bananas price has shot up from around $3 per kg to $15 per kg (ABCG n.d). Consumption of bananas would be still a small fraction of income although the price has increased. Therefore, consumers are not sensitive towards the price changing. Third is Luxury versus necessity. Bananas can be considered as a necessity in Australia because people still consume bananas although the price has increased. According to the Australia Banana Growers Council, they estimated that 28 million of bananas are consumed each week, which means a person consume 60-70 bananas and is around 13kg averagely (ABCG n.d). Fourth determinant would be time. The time would be in a short run because consumers are difficult to change income and preference immediately right after the cyclone. People would still think that the price is acceptable and they will still buy it in short run. It would be an elastic supply for bananas market because there are around 800 banana growers in Australia (mainly from Queensland and New South Wales) that are estimated to produce about 23 million 13 kilogram cartons of bananas (ABCG n.d). When there are a lot of supplies, its price elasticity of supply would be elastic and long run. However, the supply has decreased as the c yclone has caused a critical damage on banana farms. The price has shot up because there is a shortage in bananas market. Banana consumers will tend to compete and bid up the market price for bananas. As the supply curve shifted to left, it shows that the price has gone up from P0 to P1 and quantity demanded has decreased from Q0 to Q1.(refer to figure 2) It then moves to the new price equilibrium from e0 to e1 and it shows that a large change in price has resulted a small proportionate change in quantity. Quantity demanded falls means many customers cant afford the new equilibrium price. Total expenditure on bananas is equal to total revenue gained by sellers. From the graph, the R1 shaded area means revenue gained, R2 shaded area means revenue loss. Since the demand is inelastic, the revenue gained will be more than revenue loss when the price increases. Therefore, the total revenue of sellers increased. In economy, whenever the supplies is found limited and couldnt satisfy all the demands in market, suppliers would tend to increase the price as high as possible to maximize their profit. It would be a benefit to suppliers but a disadvantage for the consumers. In such situation, government intervention is needed to set up a price ceiling in the market of bananas. Price ceiling means a maximum legal price level that suppliers can set for the goods they are selling Jackson,J Mclver.R 2007). Price ceiling for this case would be a protection for the consumers as they dont have to pay for unreasonable high price set by suppliers. However, putting a ceiling price in the market doesnt settle the problems. It may cause a bigger shortage. The shortage would cause difficulty in rationing the limited supply of bananas. From graph Figure 3, we can see that quantity supply is falling further from Qe to Qs and Quantity demand has increased from Qe to Qd. Apparently, the quantity supply contributed more to shortage compare to consumers. Besides that, black market price will increase further. Setting a ceiling price is actually encouraging black market. All these consequences such as black market and shortage will cause the market efficiency to become inefficient. Supplier will not be happy to supply because they have low income selling bananas at ceiling price. The government will receive less sales tax from banana industry as well. In conclusion, there are pros and cons if government intervenes the market by implementing price ceiling. However, the price ceiling would only have short-term effects because the supply could recover in within 6months to 12 months period. Reference Lists Australian Banana Growers Council Inc. (ABCG) n.d, Media Kit, available through www.australianbananas.com.au/public/media/downloads/media_kit.pdf, viewed at 2 September 2010. Jackson,J Mclver.R 2007, Microeconomics , 8th edn, McGraw-Hill, Australia.

Comparison of Islamic Banking and Conventional Banking Essay

The foundation of Islamic bank is based on the Islamic faith and must stay within the limits of Islamic Law or the Shariah in all of its actions and deeds. The original meaning of the Arabic word Shariah is ‘the way to the source of life’ and is now used to refer to legal system in keeping with the code of behaviour called for by the Holly Qur’an (Koran). Amongst the governing principles of an Islamic bank are : * The absence of interest-based (riba) transactions; * The avoidance of economic activities involving oppression (zulm) * The avoidance of economic activities involving speculation (gharar); * The introduction of an Islamic tax, zakat; * The discouragement of the production of goods and services which contradict the Islamic value (haram) On the other hand, conventional banking is essentially based on the debtor-creditor relationship between the depositors and the bank on one hand, and between the borrowers and the bank on the other. Interest is considered to be the price of credit, reflecting the opportunity cost of money. Islamic law considers a loan to be given or taken, free of charge, to meet any contingency. Thus in Islamic Banking, the creditor should not take advantage of the borrower. When money is lent out on the basis of interest, more often that it leads to some kind of injustice. The first Islamic principle underlying for such kind of transactions is â€Å"deal not unjustly, and ye shall not be dealt with unjustly† [2:279] which explain why commercial banking in an Islamic framework is not based on the debtor-creditor relationship. The other principle pertaining to financial transactions in Islam is that there should not be any reward without taking a risk. This principle is applicable to both labor and capital. As no payment is allowed for labor, unless it is applied to work, there is no reward for capital unless it is exposed to business risk. Thus, financial intermediation in an Islamic framework has been developed on the basis of the above-mentioned principles. Consequently financial relationships in Islam have been participatory in nature.

Roles Of Botanical Garden In Plant Conservation Environmental Sciences Essay

The subject for this essay is the functions of botanical garden in works preservation. The essay will be divided into four chief parts. The first portion discuss about the botanical garden. This portion will include the debut, history and development, web and map of botanical garden. Second portion will explicate the importance of works preservation and the planetary scheme for works preservation. The 3rd portion is the function of botanical garden in works preservation. The 4th portion will be the illustration of botanical garden in Malaysia and its functions in works preservation. The last portion will be the decision of the essay. 2.0 Botanic Gardens 2.1 Introduction Botanic gardens or botanic gardens are by and large well-tended Parkss exposing a broad scope of workss labelled with their botanical names. They may incorporate specializer works aggregations such as cacti and succulent workss, herb gardens, workss from peculiar parts of the universe, and so on ; there may be nurseries, once more with particular aggregations such as tropical workss, alpine workss or other alien workss. Botanic gardens are frequently run by universities or other scientific research organisations and frequently have associated herbaria and research programmes in works taxonomy or some other facet of botanical scientific discipline. In rule their function is to keep documented aggregations of life workss for the intents of scientific research, preservation, show and instruction, although this will depend on the resources available and the particular involvements pursued at each peculiar garden.2.2 History and DevelopmentThe beginning of modern botanical gardens can be traced to European mediaeval medicative gardens known as physic gardens, the first of these being founded during the Italian Renaissance in the sixteenth century. This early concern with medicative workss changed in the seventeenth century to an involvement in the new works imports from geographic expeditions outdoors Europe as vegetation bit by bit established its independency from medical specialty. In the eighteenth c entury systems of terminology and categorization were devised by phytologists working in the herbaria and universities associated with the gardens, these systems frequently being displayed in the gardens as educational â€Å" order beds † . With the rapid rise of European imperialism in the late eighteenth century botanic gardens were established in the Torrid Zones and economic vegetation became a focal point with the hub at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, near London. Over the old ages botanical gardens, as cultural and scientific administrations, have responded to the involvements of vegetation and gardening. Nowadays most botanical gardens display a mix of the subjects mentioned and more: holding a strong connexion with the general populace there is the chance to supply visitants with information associating to the environmental issues being faced at the start of the twenty-first century, particularly those associating to works preservation and sustainability.2.3 NetworkWorldwide there are now about 1800 botanical gardens and botanical garden in approximately 150 states ( largely in temperate parts ) of which about 400 are in Europe, 200 in North America, 150 in Russia and an increasing figure in East Asia. These gardens attract about 150 million visitants a twelvemonth so it is barely surprising that many people gained their first exciting debut to the admirations of the works universe in a botanical garden. Historically, botanical gardens exchanged workss through the publication of seed lists. This was a agency of reassigning both workss and information between botanical gardens. This system continues today although the possibility of familial buccaneering and the transmittal of invasive species have received greater attending in recent times. The International Association of Botanic Gardens was formed in 1954 as a world-wide administration affiliated to the International Union of Biological Sciences. More late coordination has besides been provided by Botanic Gardens Conservation International ( BGCI ) which has the mission â€Å" To call up botanic gardens and engage spouses in procuring works diverseness for the wellbeing of people and the planet † . BGCI has over 700 membersA – largely botanic gardensA – in 118 states and strongly supports the Global scheme for works preservation by bring forthing a scope resources and publications, and by forming international conferences and preservation plans. Communication besides happens regionally. In the United States there is the American Public Gardens Association and in Australasia there is the Botanic Gardens of Australia and New Zealand ( BGANZ ) .2.4 Role and FunctionBotanic gardens have had a altering function throughout history, get downing frequently as medicative gardens for the survey and cultivation of workss with mending belongingss and traveling through many stages including of class as pleasance gardens. But the fact that their aggregations are more or less scientific means they are continually accommodating and functioning the demands of their societies in germinating ways as new challenges face those societies. In current times, they are going cardinal participants in both the preservation of workss and in the instruction of the people who come to see them.A They are besides get downing to play a function in the extenuation of the effects of clime alteration, and could be perfectly critical to the endurance of the planet as they are absolutely placed to assist travel species around and assist ecosystems to accommodate to new climes in different parts.3.0 Plant preservation3.1 ImportancePlants are universally recognized as a critical portion of the universe ‘s biological diverseness and an indispensable resource for the planet. In add-on to the little figure of harvest workss used for basic nutrient and fibers, many 1000s of wild workss have great economic and cultural importance and potency, supplying nutrient, medical specialty, fuel, vesture and shelter for huge Numberss of people throughout the universe. Plants besides play a cardinal function in keeping the planet ‘s basic e nvironmental balance and ecosystem stableness, and supply an of import constituent to the home grounds for the universe ‘s carnal life. At present we do non hold a complete stock list of the workss of the universe, but it is estimated that the entire figure may be in the order of 300,000 species. Many of these species are in danger of extinction, threatened by habitat transmutation, over-exploitation, foreign invasive species, pollution and clime alteration. The disappearing of such critical and big sums of biodiversity poses one of the greatest challenges for the universe community: to hold the devastation of the works diverseness that is so indispensable to run into the present and future demands of world. Plant preservation, long the hapless relation of the preservation universe, has started to come into its ain since the rise of preservation biological science as a recognized subject in the 1980s. Plant preservation, and the heritage value of exceeding historic landscapes, was treated with a turning sense of urgency. Specialist gardens were sometimes given a separate or bordering site, to expose native and autochthonal workss.3.2 Off-site works preservationOff-site preservation is the preservation of workss off from their countries of natural happening. The term ex situ is often used to depict the off-site preservation. Off-site preservation non merely include turning the workss in botanic gardens, the construct extends every bit good to field cistron Bankss, clonal aggregations, and source plasma Bankss where propagating tissues and seeds are preserved for turning in the hereafter. Off-site preservation can affect a scope of works parts-the whole works, seed, other tissues, or famil ial stuff in civilization. Whole, populating workss have peculiar value for preservation and will go on to be a major concern of off-site preservation. But conserving whole workss is non simple. To capture the scope of familial fluctuation, such aggregations require big figure of workss ; these are expensive to set up and keep. If the workss are annuals, they will necessitate seasonal reproduction. Outside their natural habitat some workss may necessitate manus pollenation and particular intervention of fruit and seeds to guarantee sprouting. It is fortunate that bettering engineering is doing storage as seeds, seedlings, rootstocks, tissues in civilization, and even DNA an option for many workss.3.3 Global Strategy for Plant ConservationThe entry point for the scheme is works preservation ; other facets such as sustainable usage, benefit-sharing and capacity edifice are besides included. The Strategy provides an advanced model for actions at planetary, regional, national and local degrees. The scheme is suppo rted by a broad scope of organisations and establishments – authoritiess, intergovernmental organisations, preservation and research organisations ( such as protected-area direction boards, botanic gardens, and cistron Bankss ) , universities, research institutes, nongovernmental organisations and their webs, and the private sector. The most advanced component of the Strategy is the inclusion of 16 outcome-orientated marks, aimed at accomplishing a series of mensurable ends by 2010.3.3.1 AimsThe ultimate and long-run aim of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation is to hold the current and continuing loss of works diverseness. The Strategy will supply model to ease harmoniousness between bing enterprises aimed at works preservation, to place spreads where new enterprises are required, and to advance mobilisation of the necessary resources. The Strategy will be a tool to heighten the ecosystem attack to the preservation and sustainable usage of biodiversity and concentrate on the critical function of workss in the construction and operation of ecological system and assure proviso of the goods and services such systems provide.4.0 Role of Botanical Gardens in Plant ConservationBotanic gardens have jointly accumulated centuries of resources and expertness that now means they play a cardinal function in works preservation. Many of these activities contribute to ex situHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bgci.org/ourwork/ex_situ/ † preservation, but botanic gardens besides play an of import function in in situHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bgci.org/ourwork/Ecosystems/ † preservation Gardening and cultivation accomplishments allow us to turn workss that might be lost in nature, which means their workss ‘ diverseness can be conserved in the gardens, but besides allows us to see Restoration and rehabilitation of debauched home grounds. Populating aggregations of workss cod species under assorted groupings, to keep a life shop of familial diverseness that can back up many activities in preservation and research. Seed Bankss and aggregations of life workss allow species to be safeguarded. Plants must be carefully collected stored to guarantee maximal familial diverseness is retained, and much research is required to find the best manner of hive awaying each species. This is the preservation of works diverseness in situ, and botanic gardens are cardinal to this scheme ‘s capacity and success.. Research and development into works taxonomy and genetic sciences, phytochemistry, utile belongingss, informing choice of workss that can defy degraded and altering environments ( particularly of import in face of the menaces posed by clime alteration ) . Education is a strength of botanic gardens that allows them to pass on the importance of conserving workss, making out to diverse audiences, and besides to pass on how this may be achieved. Associating workss with the wellbeing of people, and besides assisting conserve autochthonal and local cognition, to promote the sustainable usage of works resources for the benefit of all, as portion of sustainable development. The preservation of works diverseness is critical for sustainable development and botanic gardens are playing a cardinal function as Centres of preservation action. Gardens maintain a broad scope of species as life workss, in seed Bankss and tissue civilization ; harmonizing to appraisal of BGCI, there are likely over 80,000 species in cultivation in botanic gardens of the current estimation of 270,000 known works species in the universe. Botanic gardens contain aggregations of workss for instruction, scientific intents and show ; they can be: Taxonomically-based – aggregations of a peculiar household, genus or group of cultivars ; Collections of native workss ; Plants which portion a common geographical or ecological beginning such as Mediterranean, desert or alpine ; Wild relations or cultivars of utile species such as medicative, aromatic or textile workss ; Shared wont or life signifier such as an grove, botanical garden or lush aggregation. Botanic gardens besides have of import preservation aggregations peculiarly of rare and threatened workss. Harmonizing to the IUCN Red List of threatened workss 34,000 taxa are considered globally threatened with extinction. Presently, over 10,000 threatened species, about a 3rd, are in botanic garden cultivation. These workss contribute to species recovery programmes and supply long-run backup aggregations. Botanic gardens undertake research – from works taxonomy, ecology to engendering systems. With their expertness in gardening, botanic gardens develop extension and cultivation methods for workss which have ne'er been in cultivation. All these countries are indispensable for species recovery programmes and reintroduction of workss into the wild, such as developing techniques to re-introduce the Dragon Trees into the natural state. A major cause of biodiversity loss is the over-collection of wild workss for gardening, medical specialty and nutrient. Bringing workss into cultivation can take the force per unit area off the wild populations, and besides back up supports by bring forthing income and promote trade Botanic gardens besides manage protected countries within and outside their garden to advance biodiversity. These ecosystems such as woods, shrub land, catchment countries, and coastal countries provide indispensable services from the coevals of H2O, cycling of foods and refilling of dirt birthrate and bar of eroding which are critical to the supports of all people. One of the major causes of species decline is invasive foreigner species which threaten workss, works communities and ecosystems. Botanic gardens with their accomplishments in designation and gardening proctor invasive species and work locally and nationally to reconstruct home grounds that are of import for diverseness. Botanic gardens work with their local communities and visitants on instruction and environmental preservation programmes which promote environmental consciousness and sustainable life. Globally, botanic gardens receive more than 200 million visitants a twelvemonth. Further, botanic gardens are cardinal establishments working with their authoritiess and other administrations on cardinal policies, national biodiversity schemes and action programs.5.0 Botanic Garden in Malaysia – Rimba Ilmu5.1 IntroductionRimba Ilmu is a tropical botanical garden, set up in the University of Malaya campus in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is modelled after a rain forest garden construct instead than a formal flower garden. It emphasises the vegetation of the Malaysian and Indonesian part. Together with the life aggregations of over 1,600 species, the Rimba Ilmu besides houses the University of Malaya herbarium ( acronym KLU ) and has its ain Environmental Education Programme. The Rimba Ilmu is a member of the Botanic Gardens Conservation International ( BGCI ) and the South East Asia Botanic Gardens Network.A Rimba Ilmu means â€Å" The Forest of Knowledge † in the Malay linguistic communication. The garden, established in 1974, occupies an country of 80 hectares. It is partially buffered by old gum elastic plantings and the life aggregations, largely from Malaysia, are one of the most of import biological conservatories in Malaysia. There are besides works species from other parts of tropical Asia, the Pacific islands, Australia, South America, Africa and Madagascar.A Rimba Ilmu ‘s mission is to bring forth and advance consciousness and cognition of tropical works life and its environment, ecology and preservation through the development and direction of installations and activities appropriate to its map in a university located within Malaysia ‘s most developed and populated landscape. The Herbarium ( a mention library of preserved works specimens ) is Malaysia ‘s largest university aggregation incorporating some 63,000 accessions. In the Garden, there are several chief show aggregations, including medicative workss, thenars, and the citrous fruit and citroid aggregation. The Conservatory of Rare Plants and Orchids, opened in 2000, and the Fernery, with seting constitutions made over several old ages and commissioned in 2003, are accessible merely to particular group visits and research contacts, and a new bambusetum ( populating aggregation of bamboos ) was completed at the terminal of 2003 and by and large accessible to the populace. There is besides a little research aggregation of bananas. A high spot in the development of the Rimba Ilmu is the constitution of a particular botanical garden ( populating aggregation of trees ) get downing in 2001 as the ground tackle for our â€Å" Millenium Forest † undertaking, which seeks to prosecute friends and concerned parties in set uping biologically diverse forest plantings in doing a new wood within the metropolis of Kuala Lumpur.A Besides holding a general aggregation of species from a assortment of works households selected for instruction, Rimba Ilmu is besides developing assorted particular aggregations runing from those of medicative workss, wild orchids, thenars, pandan, tropical fruit trees, gingers, aquatic workss, wild citrous fruit relations to rare and endangered workss in demand of preservation.5.2 Role in Plant ConservationRimba Ilmu is an of import depository for many types of workss, including preservation aggregations of rare and endangered workss, and particular aggregations of the utile workss ( such as citrous fruits and starch thenar ) and their wild relations. In 2001, two other particular aggregations, bamboos ( sponsored by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute ) and bananas ( anchored by one of the university ‘s research groups in banana cytology ) , were besides begun. Over 2004-5, with the aid of DHL and affecting their employees, a particular aggregation of Malayan wood trees has besides been established. Outside of the Rimba Ilmu, it may be really hard to detect so many different species of some groups, and the home grounds of some of these workss may hold already been altered or damaged. Conservation besides involves public consciousness, and visitants are foremost treated to a lasting exhibition on Rain Forests when they start to acquire familiar with the Garden.A6.0 DecisionBotanic gardens maintain a broad scope of species as life workss, in seed Bankss and tissue civilization. Therefore, botanic gardens contain aggregations of workss for instruction, scientific intents and show. In decision, the botanical garden drama an of import function as the ex situ preservation for works and besides in situ preservation site. The preservation of works diverseness is critical for sustainable development and botanic gardens are playing a cardinal function as Centres of preservation action.

Essay about Arguments against Physician-assisted suicide

The United States is a nation founded on freedoms and liberties, giving each citizen the ability to make their own life decisions. This freedom includes all aspects of one’s life, including medical care. With freedom comes responsibility, and this is true in terms of physician-assisted suicide. The ongoing struggle between those in favor and those opposed to this subject has ravaged the medical field, bringing into question what is morally and ethically right. The fact of the matter is that physician-assisted suicide is neither morally nor ethically acceptable under any circumstance. Not only is it a direct violation of a doctor’s Hippocratic Oath, but it is not constitutionally binding. Physician-assisted suicide would also lead to†¦show more content†¦This line directly refutes the idea of a doctor assisting in the suicide of another living being. By promoting physician-assisted suicide, doctors invalidate their pledge to be the best healer they possibly can. This, in essence, ruins their credibility and their reputation as a physician. The opposition to this idea states that the no harm claim within the Hippocratic Oath allows for a doctor to end a patient’s life if they are suffering. They claim that it is more harmful to the patient to suffer the pain and agony of a terminal illness than for doctors to assist in the death of their patient (Humphry). The problem lies with the definition of no harm. Hippocrates intended for doctors to heal their patients, not kill them. The Hippocratic Oath is clear when it states that no lethal drugs or other methods of assisted suicide should be practiced (â€Å"Greek Medicine†). Ignoring these principles goes against the Hippocratic Oath, degrading a doctor’s credibility and character. Not only does physician-assisted suicide discredit a doctor, but it is not constitutionally sound. 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